zahra emamzamani; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Ali Mashhadi
Abstract
IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. ...
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IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. Social anxiety disorder is related to lower quality of life and more interpersonal, occupational, and academic problems. A high percentage of people with this disorder also report comorbid disorders such as other anxiety disorders, depression, and some personality disorders. Despite high prevalence and important consequences of social anxiety disorder, studies show that one-third of people with this disorder receive treatments. Social anxiety disorder, if not treated, can turn into a chronic disorder that leads to problems, destruction, and comorbid or subsequent disorders such as anxiety disorders and depression. Contextual schema therapy is an approach that integrates Young's schema therapy with the concepts of third-wave therapies and corrects coping, inner critic, and child modes and strengthens healthy adult mode. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation in people with social anxiety disorder. MethodThe present study was performed in the frame of an A-B single-subject design. The statistical population consisted of all the people with social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city, in 1400, out of which 12 people were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects received contextual schema therapy for 16 weekly sessions of 1 hour. The tools were used in the study included the Carleton et al. Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-II and the Weeks et al. Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale. The data were analyzed using improvement percentage, reliable change index, non-overlapping effect size and visual analysis.ResultsThe reliable change index (1.96 <), the improvement percentage (25% <) and the non-overlapping data showed the significant effect of the intervention in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation of all subjects. The improvement percentage at the follow-up stage indicated that the treatment was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation.DiscussionBased on the findings, contextual schema therapy by integrating the third wave approaches was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation. Therefore, contextual schema therapy can be suggested as an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.
Nasim Soltanian; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Siavash Talepasand
Abstract
Aim: Non-pharmacological treatment models are offered to the diabetics to better manage their diabetes and blood sugar. This study compared two popular treatments which are evidenced to have an acceptable effect on diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and ...
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Aim: Non-pharmacological treatment models are offered to the diabetics to better manage their diabetes and blood sugar. This study compared two popular treatments which are evidenced to have an acceptable effect on diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and health-promoting lifestyle intervention or diabetes self-management program (DSMP) in the management of HbA1c.Methods: A total of 60 patients referred to Tehran Diabetes Treatment centers were selected by convenience sampling and were assigned to three 20-member groups. The first group received ACT intervention, the second group received DSMP intervention, and the third group did not receive any intervention. All the three groups received relevant medications during the study. They were examined for glycated hemoglobin in the three phases of before the intervention, after the intervention and follow-up using blood tests. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed-design analysis of varianceResults:. The results showed that both ACT and DSMP methods were effective in improving the Management of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes (F=5.835, P value<0.005). In addition, the effectiveness was sustained until the follow-up phase (F=26.274, P value<0.001). However, the comparison of the two treatments showed that ACT was more effective than DSMP in post-test and follow-up phases (F=10.902, P value<0.001).Conclusion:. It seems that along with pharmacological treatments, ACT could be significantly effective in the management of glycated hemoglobin levels. Glycated hemoglobin levels were better managed with the lifestyle modification by ACT than DSMP
Nasim Soltanian; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; siavash talepasand
Abstract
Summary: In this study, two well-known therapies that have had acceptable efficacy on diabetes are compared with each other. In fact, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and the Diabetes Self-Care Program (DSMP) that is a health-promoting ...
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Summary: In this study, two well-known therapies that have had acceptable efficacy on diabetes are compared with each other. In fact, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and the Diabetes Self-Care Program (DSMP) that is a health-promoting lifestyle intervention on diabetes adjustment and perception. Method: A number of 60 patients referred to Tehran Diabetes Clinics were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 patients: one group under ACT intervention, one group under DSMP intervention and one control group that did not receive any intervention. All groups received medicine. All three groups were examined in three stages, before and after intervention and follow-up study by diabetes adjustment and diabetes perception questionnaire. Then, the collected data analyzed by descriptive statistics and mixed variance analysis (Intragroup, intergroup and interactive). Results: The results show that both ACT and DSMP methods are effective in improving disease adaptation (F = 5/515, P value <0.001) and disease perception (F = 0.665, P value <0.001). The follow-up phase also maintains its effectiveness. Also, a comparison of the two treatments shows that the ACT method is more effective than the DSMP method. Conclusion: It seems that Act protocol for type 2 diabetic patients can be significantly more effective than DSMP. It seems that the acceptance factor, values, commitment and other hexagonal factors of ACT can lead patients to a better understanding of diabetes, which may improve their adaptation and self-care behaviors.
